Radio covalent
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O radio covalent ye, en quimica, a metat d'a distancia entre dos atomos iguals que forman un enlace covalent. Por un regular s'esprisa en picometros (pm) o ångströms (Å), a on 1 Å = 100 pm.
A suma de dos radios covalents habría d'estar a largaria d'o enlace covalent entre os dos atomos. Manimenos, ista relación no se cumple de forma exacta ya que a grandaria d'un atomo no ye constant. Iste pende d'o entorno quimico a on se trobe. Por un regular a largaria d'o enlace covalent tiende a estar menor que lo que a suma de radios covalents. En consecuencia, as valuras tabulatas de radios covalents que se troban en a bibliografía son valuras ideyalizatas u promediatas.
Tabla de radios covalentes
editarContino s'amostran os radios d'os enlaces calculatos d'un modo auto-consistent. A suma d'os dos radios mos da a largaria d'enlace, R (AB) = r (A) + r (B).
Z | Simbolo | r (Å) | [1] r1(Å) | [2]r2(Å) | [3] r3(Å)[4] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | H | 0.31(5) | 0.32 | ||
2 | He | 0.28 | 0.46 | ||
3 | Li | 1.28(7) | 1.33 | 1.24 | |
4 | Be | 0.96(3) | 1.02 | 0.90 | 0.85 |
5 | B | 0.84(3) | 0.85 | 0.78 | 0.73 |
6 | C (sp3) | 0.76(1) | 0.75 | ||
C (sp2) | 0.73(2) | 0.67 | |||
C (sp) | 0.69(1) | 0.60 | |||
7 | N | 0.71(1) | 0.71 | 0.60 | 0.54 |
8 | O | 0.66(2) | 0.63 | 0.57 | 0.53 |
9 | F | 0.57(3) | 0.64 | 0.59 | 0.53 |
10 | Ne | 0.58 | 0.67 | 0.96 | |
11 | Na | 1.66(9) | 1.55 | 1.60 | |
12 | Mg | 1.41(7) | 1.39 | 1.32 | 1.27 |
13 | Al | 1.21(4) | 1.26 | 1.13 | 1.11 |
14 | Si | 1.11(2) | 1.16 | 1.07 | 1.02 |
15 | P | 1.07(3) | 1.11 | 1.02 | 0.94 |
16 | S | 1.05(3) | 1.03 | 0.94 | 0.95 |
17 | Cl | 1.02(4) | 0.99 | 0.95 | 0.93 |
18 | Ar | 1.06(10) | 0.96 | 1.07 | 0.96 |
19 | K | 2.03(12) | 1.96 | 1.93 | |
20 | Ca | 1.76(10) | 1.71 | 1.47 | 1.33 |
21 | Sc | 1.70(7) | 1.48 | 1.16 | 1.14 |
22 | Ti | 1.60(8) | 1.36 | 1.17 | 1.08 |
23 | V | 1.53(8) | 1.34 | 1.12 | 1.06 |
24 | Cr | 1.39(5) | 1.22 | 1.11 | 1.03 |
25 | Mn (low spin) | 1.39(5) | |||
Mn (high spin) | 1.61(8) | ||||
Mn | 1.19 | 1.05 | 1.03 | ||
26 | Fe (low spin) | 1.32(3) | |||
Fe (high spin) | 1.52(6) | ||||
Fe | 1.16 | 1.09 | 1.02 | ||
27 | Co (low spin) | 1.26(3) | |||
Co (high spin) | 1.50(7) | ||||
Co | 1.11 | 1.03 | 0.96 | ||
28 | Ni | 1.24(4) | 1.10 | 1.01 | 1.01 |
29 | Cu | 1.32(4) | 1.12 | 1.15 | 1.20 |
30 | Zn | 1.22(4) | 1.18 | 1.20 | |
31 | Ga | 1.22(3) | 1.24 | 1.17 | 1.21 |
32 | Ge | 1.20(4) | 1.21 | 1.11 | 1.14 |
33 | As | 1.19(4) | 1.21 | 1.14 | 1.06 |
34 | Se | 1.20(4) | 1.16 | 1.07 | 1.07 |
35 | Br | 1.20(3) | 1.14 | 1.09 | 1.10 |
36 | Kr | 1.16(4) | 1.17 | 1.21 | 1.08 |
37 | Rb | 2.20(9) | 2.1 | 2.02 | |
38 | Sr | 1.95(10) | 1.85 | 1.57 | 1.39 |
39 | Y | 1.90(7) | 1.63 | 1.3 | 1.24 |
40 | Zr | 1.75(7) | 1.54 | 1.27 | 1.21 |
41 | Nb | 1.64(6) | 1.47 | 1.25 | 1.16 |
42 | Mo | 1.54(5) | 1.38 | 1.21 | 1.13 |
43 | Tc | 1.47(7) | 1.28 | 1.2 | 1.1 |
44 | Ru | 1.46(7) | 1.25 | 1.14 | 1.03 |
45 | Rh | 1.42(7) | 1.25 | 1.1 | 1.06 |
46 | Pd | 1.39(6) | 1.2 | 1.17 | 1.12 |
47 | Ag | 1.45(5) | 1.28 | 1.39 | 1.37 |
48 | Cd | 1.44(9) | 1.36 | 1.44 | |
49 | In | 1.42(5) | 1.42 | 1.36 | 1.46 |
50 | Sn | 1.39(4) | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.32 |
51 | Sb | 1.39(5) | 1.4 | 1.33 | 1.27 |
52 | Te | 1.38(4) | 1.36 | 1.28 | 1.21 |
53 | I | 1.39(3) | 1.33 | 1.29 | 1.25 |
54 | Xe | 1.40(9) | 1.31 | 1.35 | 1.22 |
55 | Cs | 2.44(11) | 2.32 | 2.09 | |
56 | Ba | 2.15(11) | 1.96 | 1.61 | 1.49 |
57 | La | 2.07(8) | 1.8 | 1.39 | 1.39 |
58 | Ce | 2.04(9) | 1.63 | 1.37 | 1.31 |
59 | Pr | 2.03(7) | 1.76 | 1.38 | 1.28 |
60 | Nd | 2.01(6) | 1.74 | 1.37 | |
61 | Pm | 1.99 | 1.73 | 1.35 | |
62 | Sm | 1.98(8) | 1.72 | 1.34 | |
63 | Eu | 1.98(6) | 1.68 | 1.34 | |
64 | Gd | 1.96(6) | 1.69 | 1.35 | 1.32 |
65 | Tb | 1.94(5) | 1.68 | 1.35 | |
66 | Dy | 1.92(7) | 1.67 | 1.33 | |
67 | Ho | 1.92(7) | 1.66 | 1.33 | |
68 | Er | 1.89(6) | 1.65 | 1.33 | |
69 | Tm | 1.90(10) | 1.64 | 1.31 | |
70 | Yb | 1.87(8) | 1.7 | 1.29 | |
71 | Lu | 1.87(8) | 1.62 | 1.31 | 1.31 |
72 | Hf | 1.75(10) | 1.52 | 1.28 | 1.22 |
73 | Ta | 1.70(8) | 1.46 | 1.26 | 1.19 |
74 | W | 1.62(7) | 1.37 | 1.2 | 1.15 |
75 | Re | 1.51(7) | 1.31 | 1.19 | 1.1 |
76 | Os | 1.44(4) | 1.29 | 1.16 | 1.09 |
77 | Ir | 1.41(6) | 1.22 | 1.15 | 1.07 |
78 | Pt | 1.36(5) | 1.23 | 1.12 | 1.1 |
79 | Au | 1.36(6) | 1.24 | 1.21 | 1.23 |
80 | Hg | 1.32(5) | 1.33 | 1.42 | |
81 | Tl | 1.45(7) | 1.44 | 1.42 | 1.5 |
82 | Pb | 1.46(5) | 1.44 | 1.35 | 1.37 |
83 | Bi | 1.48(4) | 1.51 | 1.41 | 1.35 |
84 | Po | 1.40(4) | 1.45 | 1.35 | 1.29 |
85 | At | 1.50 | 1.47 | 1.38 | 1.38 |
86 | Rn | 1.50 | 1.42 | 1.45 | 1.33 |
87 | Fr | 2.60 | 2.23 | 2.18 | |
88 | Ra | 2.21(2) | 2.01 | 1.73 | 1.59 |
89 | Ac | 2.15 | 1.86 | 1.53 | 1.4 |
90 | Th | 2.06(6) | 1.75 | 1.43 | 1.36 |
91 | Pa | 2.00 | 1.69 | 1.38 | 1.29 |
92 | U | 1.96(7) | 1.7 | 1.34 | 1.18 |
93 | Np | 1.90(1) | 1.71 | 1.36 | 1.16 |
94 | Pu | 1.87(1) | 1.72 | 1.35 | |
95 | Am | 1.80(6) | 1.66 | 1.35 | |
96 | Cm | 1.69(3) | 1.66 | 1.36 | |
97 | Bk | 1.66 | 1.39 | ||
98 | Cf | 1.68 | 1.4 | ||
99 | Es | 1.65 | 1.4 | ||
100 | Fm | 1.67 | |||
101 | Md | 1.73 | 1.39 | ||
102 | No | 1.76 | 1.59 | ||
103 | Lr | 1.61 | 1.41 | ||
104 | Rf | 1.57 | 1.4 | 1.31 | |
105 | Db | 1.49 | 1.36 | 1.26 | |
106 | Sg | 1.43 | 1.28 | 1.21 | |
107 | Bh | 1.41 | 1.28 | 1.19 | |
108 | Hs | 1.34 | 1.25 | 1.18 | |
109 | Mt | 1.29 | 1.25 | 1.13 | |
110 | Ds | 1.28 | 1.16 | 1.12 | |
111 | Rg | 1.21 | 1.16 | 1.18 | |
112 | Cn | 1.22 | 1.37 | 1.3 | |
113 | Uut | 1.36 | |||
114 | Uuq | 1.43 | |||
115 | Uup | 1.62 | |||
116 | Uuh | 1.75 | |||
117 | Uus | 1.65 | |||
118 | Uuo | 1.57 |
Se veiga tamién
editarReferencias
editar- ↑ Beatriz Cordero, Verónica Gómez, Ana E. Platero-Prats, Marc Revés, Jorge Echeverría, Eduard Cremades, Flavia Barragán and Santiago Alvarez. Covalent radii revisited. Dalton Trans., 2008, 2832-2838, DOI 10.1039/b801115j.
- ↑ P. Pyykkö, M. Atsumi,Chem. Eur. J., 15, 2009,186-197 DOI 10.1002/chem.200800987
- ↑ P. Pyykkö, M. Atsumi,Chem. Eur. J., 15, 2009,12770–12779 DOI 10.1002/chem.200901472.
- ↑ P. Pyykkö, S. Riedel, M. Patzschke,Chem. Eur. J., 11, 2005,3511–3520 Plantilla:Doi.