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Linia 19:
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O '''italián''' ({{Audio|It-italiano.ogg|''italiano''}} u ''lingua italiana'') ye una [[luenga romance]]. Ye a segunda mas amanada a o [[latín]] en termins de vocabulario dimpués d'o [[idioma sardo|sardo]].<ref>See [[Classification of Romance languages|''Italica'' 1950: 46]] (cf. [https://books.google.com/books?id=M0sbAAAAIAAJ&q=%22Demonstrates+a+comparative+statistical+method%22 <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>] and [https://books.google.com/books?id=M0sbAAAAIAAJ&q=%22there+is+a+maximum+of+77+change+points%22 <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>]): “Pei, Mario A. "A New Methodology for Romance Classification." Word, v, 2 (Aug. 1949), 135–146. Demonstrates a comparative statistical method for determining the extent of change from the Latin for the free and checked accented vowels of French, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Rumanian, Old Provençal, and Logudorese Sardinian. By assigning 3½ change points per vowel (with 2 points for diphthongization, 1 point for modification in vowel quantity, ½ point for changes due to nasalization, palatalization or umlaut, and −½ point for failure to effect a normal change), there is a maximum of 77 change points for free and checked stressed vowel sounds (11×2×3½=77). According to this system (illustrated by seven charts at the end of the article), the percentage of change is greatest in French (44%) and least in Italian (12%) and Sardinian (8%). Prof. Pei suggests that this statistical method be extended not only to all other phonological, but also to all morphological and syntactical, phenomena.”.</ref><ref>See [[Classification of Romance languages|Koutna ''et al.'' (1990: 294)]]: “In the late forties and in the fifties some new proposals for classification of the Romance languages appeared. A statistical method attempting to evaluate the evidence quantitatively was developed in order to provide not only a classification but at the same time a measure of the divergence among the languages. The earliest attempt was made in 1949 by Mario Pei (1901–1978), who measured the divergence of seven modern Romance languages from Classical Latin, taking as his criterion the evolution of stressed vowels. Pei's results do not show the degree of contemporary divergence among the languages from each other but only the divergence of each one from Classical Latin. The closest language turned out to be Sardinian with 8% of change. Then followed Italian — 12%; Spanish — 20%; Romanian — 23,5%; Provençal — 25%; Portuguese — 31%; French — 44%.”</ref> O italiano ye una luenga oficial en [[Italia]], [[Suiza]], [[San Marino]], a [[Ciudat d'o Vaticano]], y [[Istria]] (en [[Istria eslovena|Eslovenia]] y [[condato d'Istria|Croacia]]). Tenió en o pasau estatus oficial en [[Albania]], [[Malta]] y [[Monaco]], a on encara ye prou estendillada, asinas como en as antigas colonias de [[Africa Oriental italiana]] y [[Africa Septentrional italiana]] a on encara chuga un papel important en bells sectors. O italián ye charrau por una gran [[Italians|comunidat d'expatriaus]] en [[America]] y minorías en atros puestos como [[Italians de Crimea|Crimea]], [[Francia]] (mas que mas en [[Corcega]]), [[Belchica]], [[Montenegro]] y [[Tunisia]].<ref name="ethnologue.com">[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=ita Ethnologue report for language code:ita (Italy)] – Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. (ed.), 2005. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Fifteenth edition. Dallas, Tex.: SIL International. Online version</ref> Muitos fablants nativos son bilingües, charrando tanto o italián estándar como beluna d'as [[Luengas d'Italia|otras luengas rechionals]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=IT |title=Italy |publisher=Ethnologue |date=1999-02-19 |accessdate=2015-10-22}}</ref>
A luenga italiana moderna
== Presencia d'o italián en o mundo ==
O italián se bi charra prencipalment en [[Italia]] an ye luenga nacional, pero tamién en dos [[Cantons de Suiza|cantons]] d'o sud de [[Suiza]] an ye reconoxido como luenga oficial.
B'ha comunidatz de fabladors en [[Belchica]], [[Francia]], [[Múnegu]], [[Malta]], [[Archentina]], [[Uruguai]], [[Brasil]], [[Venezuela]], [[Mexico]], [[Chile]], [[Estatos Unitos]], [[Canadá]], [[Australia]], [[Etiopia]], [[Eritrea]], [[Libia]] y [[Somalia]] y en proceso de desaparición total en [[Dalmacia]] ([[Croacia]]).
==Referencias==
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== Vinclos externos ==
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